434Mod1Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

434Mod1Case - Essay Example Frequently digital morals instruction depends on one huge hypothesis or blend of two speculations. The two significant hypothetical methodologies are teleological and deontological hypotheses. Teleological speculations states action’s results to be a proportion of action’s great. Then again deontological speculations consider action’s uprightness to be above goodness. Utilitarian establishment is a piece of teleological hypotheses. This establishment expresses that activity of an individual ought to have the option to expand bliss and useful for all who are influenced by such activities. It features the factor that activities of an individual ought to be founded on likely outcomes that might be come about by the activity before it is been executed. This hypothesis asserts that an individual should consider every single individual and not simply individual taking a choice. Deontological hypothesis is a moral examination dependent on obligations. It believes obliga tion and devotion toward guideline to be most fundamental components (Gold, 2010). This hypothesis expresses that an action’s results are not that significant in contrast with rightness of the activity. According to this hypothesis an activity is supposed to be substantial if moves that are made by people don't prompt any type of logical inconsistency. The fundamental idea of this hypothesis is that people should work as indicated by their insight and uprightness; act evenhandedly, should tell truth and maintain a strategic distance from any type of injury towards others. Both the hypotheses have various components which express the significance of digital morals. This type of instruction has picked up its significance in the ongoing years where taking music or video is viewed as comparable to real burglary. Understudies are made mindful about the diverse digital wrongdoings and its effect on others (Starr, 2011). Data innovation in the current situation has offered freedom t o people to get to different information yet additionally it has represented a danger to one’s security. In American schools

Great Events in History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Extraordinary Events ever - Essay Example Dissimilar to of strict convictions, there is no appropriate meaning of equity in Quran and in this way my comprehension depends on Muslim understanding of equity. My perspective on equity is additionally mostly receptive since I firmly accept that no framework is impeccable to manage all the unpredictable circumstances the world is confronted with. Men are the most leaders with regards to issues of Islamic equity despite the fact that we are similarly influenced by the results of the choices they make. I emphatically accept that profound quality and morals are the underlying foundations of all malice in the general public and the cure can without much of a stretch be found in the otherworldly characteristics. Life is consecrated by Islam henceforth ought not simply be removed without legitimate allegation past any sensible uncertainty. This in this way suggests life must be removed on the setting of equity and law and no other thought (Abou and Cohen 71). The soul of the Muslim corr ective code is to secure lives and advance equity and not the other way around the same number of others and religions have attempted to paint it. Quran enactment for capital punishment on account of homicide, absolution, and empathy are emphatically empowered and the homicide casualties are given a decision to either demand capital punishment or exculpation the miscreant and acknowledge remuneration. The demonstration of spreading evil over the land on issues that are for the most part identified with disaffection, fear mongering, theft, assault, infidelity, and gay conduct can likewise result to the death penalty as indicated by the Muslim confidence (Khadduri 102). The techniques for discipline fluctuate here and there however the basic ones in Saudi Arabia incorporate terminating crew, hanging and executing. Executions are held openly places to go about as a notice to the individuals who may consider rehashing such acts in future that their days are numbered. Vigilantism has no spot in Islamic culture and one must be appropriately sentenced under the Muslim laws that require severe proof guidelines before the death penalty is forced on anyone. The demonstration of homosexuality is profoundly denied by my religion on the premise that it conflicts with the common request in which God made people. In the social scene, it carries annihilations to the family set up since no two individuals of a similar sex have the likelihood to mate and offer ascent to a rich posterity. The devotees of Muslim confidence should neither take an interest nor bolster such demonstrations of gay either tangibly or mentally at record-breaking of their lives. We accept that everything has been made two by two and such, individuals should profit and build up a relationship dependent on the other gender and not same sex connections. Matching of the guys and the females is a piece of human instinct and the common request that ought to be advances in a socially touchy society (Khan 11). T he Quran underpins the connection between a spouse and husband as a relationship that supports love, delicacy and backing and I firmly accept that such characteristics can barely be found on same sex connections. There is discipline for demonstrations of gayism as indicated by Islam yet there is no lawful judgment for the individuals who feel the gay motivation yet are hesitant to follow up on them. Following up on gay inclination is an ill-conceived notion that is sentenced and dependent upon lawful discipline that shifts from prison term to capital punishment. The utilization of misogynist, supremacist, and homophobic language is restricted by my customs, culture, and religion. We unequivocally accept

Limiting the Narrative This is Not a Romance - Literature Essay Samples

Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Adichie is a literary tour de force that examines Nigerian culture through the lens of three main characters. The novel focuses on violence and the familial relationships of core characters over a significant period of time, the Biafran War. Some of the fundamental issues that Adichie focuses on is the way femininity and masculinity are performed though these specific characters and how these roles are treacherous and sometimes devastating to relationships and morality. The film representation of Half of a Yellow Sun lacks focus on the subjection of women as inhuman beings, the nature of masculinity as portrayed through sexual violence, and the dichotomization of men and women into separate spheres; by distorting the narrative to fit the lens of Olanna the film is unable to portray femininity and masculinity as a structure of culture and power like Adichie does in the text. In the film Ugwu is fascinated with Olanna as a sexual being and intimidated by her intellectual prowess. In contrast, in the novel Ugwu is obsessed with the sex to the point where rape becomes a reflective fantasy of the cultural impact of his surroundings. His growth within Odenigbo’s house challenges some of his ideas about masculinity, as both Olanna and Odenigbo are intellects and strong willed in their own sense, but Adichie writes Ugwu’s narrative as if it’s a naturalistic text; Ugwu’s environment has a stronghold on him to the point where he barely makes it out alive. When he is captured and forced to fight his fellow soldier quips, â€Å"Target destroyer, aren’t you a man† (458)? When he is captured and forced to participate in a genocide of someone else’s making he is also forced to perform sexuality in a way that he never has before. Ugwu’s role as a man is defined by the sexual nature that intertwines with masculinit y in the text. Ugwu’s sexuality is developed as a reflection of Odenigbo and Olanna’s relationship as he continuously overhears their sexual encounters and begins to develop his own understanding of sexuality through them. In Odenigbo’s house he cooks and cleans and Mama, a woman who believes heavily in superstitions and defined and not fluid gender roles, chastises him for wanting to work in the domestic sphere. Ugqu is berated on all sides, in the text, his character arc is shaped by his tendency to survive against the overwhelming forces of sexual violence and obedience to the cultural definitions of masculinity. In the film Ugwu is seen as a quiet observer, all of his actions portray him as a loyal servant of Odenigbo and a passive friend of Olanna. Ugwu’s shy nature and ambivalence is a clear marketing choice that the developers of the film implemented to polarize characters into two categories; good and evil. By doing this the writers uncomplicated the narrative and give the audience clear emotional triggers for sympathizing with Ugwu as he is innocent, loving, and shy. Ugwu’s restructured narrative gives him little influence over the audience, he becomes a stable stronghold in the story of Odenigbo and Olanna, but does little if anything to show the crusade that is coming of age in Nigeria during the Biafran War. In the novel, Richard seeks to become a part of Nigeria, by learning the language, claiming the land as his own, and writing about the world around him. His outlook on Nigeria is in direct opposition of Susan, who believes that the people around them need to be civilized and more than that, colonized. Early in the text, Richard is taken to parties as the trophy boyfriend of Susan, Adiche explains, â€Å"[Richard]†¦didn’t even mind when a pasty-faced drunk woman referred to him as Susan’s pretty boy† (66). This sense of emasculation is crucial to the development of Richard’s character. He is emotionally invested in Nigeria and he wants it to be a part of his identity, but his impotence limits his ability to create a family in this new place. His only way in is through his attachment and love for Kainene, who he continuously maintains an imperfect connection with through his adultery and inability to perform sexually. Nevertheless, Richard’s desi re to avoid being othered leads him to proclaim ownership of Kainene and Nigeria. Richard states, â€Å"This was a new start, a new country, their new country† (211). His power to take ownership of Kainene and, further, to write himself into history, gives him control and power that is neither shown nor expressed effectively in the filmic version of Half of a Yellow Sun. In the film Richard is reduced to a secondary character, only seen and perceived as an extension of Kainene. Like Ugwu, he becomes a caricature of a sensitive and tragic artist. Richard’s only viable moment of perceived impotence is when Olanna must take over the driving responsibilities when the pair are searching for Kainene who has gone missing. The forced focus on family in the film diminishes the overwhelming narrative of masculinity that Adiche highlights, and even more so with Richard, it generates a narrative about romance and family rather than ownership and power. By presenting the film through Olanna’s lens, the film lacks the multitude of perspectives that Adichie emphasizes is crucial to understanding and witnessing different cultures as an outsider. Olanna becomes the protagonist but her growth as a character is strictly limited to the romantic narrative between her and Odenigbo and the small focus on her relationship with her sister. By ignoring the large amounts of sexual violence in the film, the writers were unable to delve deeper into the narratives of sexuality that Adichie focuses on in her book, specifically the liminal sexuality of women. Viewers of the film only get a very objective look into the sexuality of the characters that is only exposed as loving or primal, no one’s body becomes a political battleground for power like it does in the text. Kainene explains to Richard, â€Å"They display slabs of meat on tables†¦.my sister and I are meat. We are here so that suitable bachelors will make the kill† ( 73). Kainene relates the lives of women to that of animals whose only purpose is to serve others, to be killed and consumed by someone else. Amala is the perfect example of this consumption as Mama, supposedly used bad magic to attract Odenigbo to Amala in order to further her lineage. The text clearly focuses on Olanna’s struggle with pregnancy, but the film barely, if at all, emphasizes her fertility. A crucial moment that was omitted from the film was Amala’s attempt to abort her fetus after she is raped by Odenigbo. Amala explains the process, â€Å"‘if you eat plenty of hot peppers, they will remove pregnancy.’ She was huddled in the mud like a pathetic animal† (300). Amala’s desire to rid her body of the child and thus dissipate Odenigbo’s lineage is perceived as both primal and detrimental to the drive towards the future, especially if she was carrying a son. The impact of placing romance in the foreground and, essentially, elim inating Kainene’s full narrative does not allow for room to explore Kainene and Olanna’s relationship in relation to gender roles, violence, and power. As Zoe Norridge points out in her article Sex as Synecdoche, there is a tangible narrative of sex and violence that is, at times, a heavy force that weighs on many characters within the novel; Ugwu in particular. The film restricts this narrative of sexual violence, and in doing so, does not offer a harmonizing conclusion to the violence surrounding these characters. In the novel, Olanna is able to redirect this violence that she witnesses and turn it into a shared bond between her and Odenigbo. Norridge writes, â€Å"Through Odenigbo’s tenderness she is able to access a sense of the sadness, the horror of her cousin’s probable rape, mutilation, and death† (28). The film is a weak attempt at synchronizing the categorically western ideals of the symbiotic happy ending leads to forced dichotomies that Adiche avoids within her text. The film offers too many good guy/ bad guy scenarios which generates a false understanding from the viewer. By limiting the complexitie s of the narrative, and reselling the plot as a whitewashed love story in the midst of war, the film falls into the trap media marketeering towards a mainstream audience. In the film there is no moral ambiguity, there is only good and evil. In the novel Adiche presents story that navigates perspectives of race, gender, and power; and throughout the novel there is no moral high ground there is just life as she presents it; a callous and naturalistic hint at reality.

Are Studies in Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Research...

In today’s modern society accustomed to technology, multiple types of advancements have been made from things such as medicine to something basic as a cell phone. One of the most unacknowledged yet productive methods that has become a possibility and surpasses our expectations is the process of genetic engineering and stem cell research. These studies have proven to be a beneficial part to the way people could live and how they could approach life-threatening diseases. When similar studies are first discussed and publicized they appear to not only be impossible but immoral, similar to Victor Frankenstein and what he accomplished; giving life to a creature of his own. Though the creature was recognized as a horrendous monster, it revealed†¦show more content†¦Recombinant DNA molecule are DNA sequences that result from the use of laboratory methods to combine genetic material from multiple areas, creating sequences that arent commonly found if not absolutely impossible to be produced in biological organisms. Recombinant DNA is possible because DNA molecules from all organisms function under the same chemical structure; they differ only in the sequence of nucleotides within that identical overall structure. Victor Frankenstein made one of the most technological advancements of his time and created life. Victor shows his excitement for his creation when saying, â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs† (Shelley 73). Victor Frankenstein recognized what he was doing at first during his work as a good thing as he thought that he could change humanity with his experiment. His thoughts were to make a being that could surpass others and that could promote the survival to people. He brought parts together to enhance one another such as stem cells to make a superior individual that would bring rise to a new life style. Victor Frankenstein brought something utterly new to the world as he noticed the positives ofShow MoreRelatedBiotechnology : Genetically Modified Foods1698 Words   |  7 Pagesprocesses of living organ isms to develop products, systems or environments to be beneficial for humans. Biotechnology has been used by humans to produce staple foods since the beginning of civilisation. The domestication of plants and animals and the use of microorganisms to make cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer and wine are examples of early uses of biotechnology. Modern biotechnology involves understanding genes and the study of genes, covering controlling gene activities and adjusting or transferringRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects1592 Words   |  7 Pagesthan ever by improving their bodies by changing the cells in your body. Genetic engineering can also prevent long-time diseases from continuing in a family and help treat many illnesses. Though it can help many issues, it brings up many problems if used improperly and often abused. Genetic engineering harbors more moral and ethical issues than having beneficial effects; however, the positive uses in specific situations should be acknowledged. Genetic history has been around for over a century now andRead MoreApplication Of Genetic Engineering On The World1606 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Genetic Engineering on Taro Adam Mohamed 10/23/2015 Introduction The field of genetic engineering is very promising, pertaining to the future of agriculture around the world. Research in this area is allowing for more and more improvements to the various aspects of a crop such as yield, visual quality, taste, nutritional value, disease immunity, and cold resistance, as well as many other benefits. A further understanding of both the genetics of crops and how to influenceRead MoreEssay about Genetic Engineering: A Major Advancement for Mankind959 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Biochemist Isaac Asimov once said, The advancement of Genetic Engineering makes it quite conceivable that we will design our own evolutionary progress.† Scientists have always thought about new ways to progress through technology in our era, and in 1946, scientists discover that Genetic material from different viruses can be combined to form a new type of virus. This was a major discovery that trickles down to the modern era of Genetics. Current scientists have pioneered n ew ways to decode humanRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Major Advancement or Major Setback? Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesBiochemist Isaac Asimov once said, The advancement of Genetic Engineering makes it quite conceivable that we will design our own evolutionary progress.† Scientists have always thought about new ways to progress through technology in this era, and in 1946, scientists discovered that Genetic material from different viruses can be combined to form a new type of virus. This was a major discovery that trickles down to the modern era of Genetics. Current scientists have pioneered new ways to decode humanRead MoreEthical And Social Problems Of Genetic Engineering1478 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nature of the Problem Genetic Engineering is the process of manipulating the genome of an organism such as bacteria, insulin, brown rice and etc using biotechnology. Genetic Engineering is developed to make cell growth faster, increase production, and protect against diseases. An organism that is produced through Genetic Engineering is called Genetically Modified Organism or GMO. The first GMO was a bacterium produced in 1973 in a lab and in 1982 Insulin became the first GMO commercializedRead MoreGenetic Engineering : A New Technology1311 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a new technology that is not utilized to its full potential. Often called modern biotechnology, genetic engineering can bring humanity into a better medical and agricultural age. Genetic engineering is an important scientific breakthrough because by altering DNA, scientists can improve food, create organs for transplant, and prevent certain diseases and birth defects. The field of genetic engineering has developed very quickly due to the greater understandingRead Moreoryx and crake technology1682 Words   |  7 PagesOryx Crake Technology Report: Biotechnology Genography At the first look at the title of this report, you will be thinking ‘Oh wow, he is so out of touch with what is going on in the world today that he doesn’t even know genetic engineering/ gene splicing is already in effect.’ I am fully aware that many different genetically modified organisms are being researched on, such as the Flavr Savr Tomato on 1997, as well as corn crops being much more resistant to the cold weather in the northRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering Explain how this technology works. Genetic engineering otherwise called genetic modification and can basically be described as the ‘direct manipulation of an organism’s genome’ which is the complete set of genetic material of an animal, plant or other living thing. This direct manipulation works by using modern DNA technology. This ‘involves the introduction of foreign DNA also known as synthetic genes into the organism of interest’ or curiousity. Genetic engineering does notRead MoreIn The World We Live In Today, Especially In The United1737 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancement of the Internet, social media, phones and applications and people’s increased pressure for transparency and making science understandable, food has become a controversial topic in regards to genetic modification, antibiotics, and pesticides and herbicides. Too many people believe that only people who study science can understand science, and as scientists and people knowledgeable in science fields, we have to combat this misconception. It is true that science uses a lot of jargon that other people

Reader Response For The Kite Runner - 1348 Words

Reader Response for The Kite Runner Section 1- Writing Style: Khaled Hosseini, author of The Kite Runner, is most definitely different than other authors. He uses strong, detailed words that may be difficult, at some points, to understand. His use of vocabulary is rather challenging for me. The more use of challenging vocabulary, in my opinion, makes the book even more interesting. Now, I’m not a big fan of reading, but after reading this book, I had found an interest in reading more challenging books like The Kite Runner. Not knowing a word can change the whole scene by finding out what it actually means. Now, Khaled uses a wide variety of figurative language to grab your attention. Khaled Hosseini uses mainly similes, metaphors,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children aren’t coloring books, you don’t get to fill them with your favorite colors.† (Hosseini 21). Now, Khaled uses tone to describe what is happening in the scene. â€Å"His eyes flicked to me. I wanted to laugh for some reason. Or scream. I brought the ball of my hand to my mouth and bit on it. Baba laughed softly through his nose.† (Hosseini 162). In this moment, Amir is very excited with Baba because he is calling the general about Soraya. Amir has a little thing for Soraya, by which later in the novel, she becomes his wife. The text in this novel was pretty straightforward, you just have to identify the figurative language that the author uses, because he uses a lot of it to make the book more challenging. He also uses a lot of dialogue. My personal favorite is a passage from the end of the novel. â€Å"It was only a smile, nothing more. It didn t make everything alright. It didn t make anything all right. Only a smile. A tiny thing. A leaf in the woods, shaking in the wake of a startled bird s flight. But I ll take it. With open arms. Because when spring comes, it melts the snow one flake at a time, and maybe I just witnessed the first flake melting† (Hosseini 371). The reason why this is my favorite passage is because, when Hassan and Amir were kids, Hassan would run the kite for Amir, and during this passage, Amir’s nephew (Hassan s son)Show MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2017 Consequences of War: A Critical Analysis of the Kite Runner On a day to day basis, an individual is faced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the first personRead MoreEssay on The Kite Runner Relationship and Symbolism1662 Words   |  7 Pagesin ‘The Kite Runner’ to present key relationships? You should consider different reader responses and the extent to which your critical approach assists your interpretation. In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, ‘The Kite Runner’, it is often thought that symbols and metaphors are used as visual representations to reinforce and put emphasis on important stages in the novel. In can be seen that symbols are used in the novel to highlight particular moments in key relationships. For example Kites, the PomegranateRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1941 Words   |  8 PagesKhaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner readers are interested to learn about the society in Afghanistan. The author wrote the book in a way that anyone of any age that reads it can relate to it. As an Afghan- American novelist, Hosseini’s language used in the book was understandable to both American and Afghan readers. The success of the book made it to the New York Times #1 top sellers best list in 2005 gaining more recognition for the book. The book has been making a tremendous amount of successRead MorePlot Structure Of The Kite Runner1690 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure to portray two divergent effects of losing one’s innocence in a traumatic event. The plot structure of the novels also reinforces the idea of innocence. The plot structure for The Kite Runner is chronological, but the plot structure for The God of Small Things is circular. In his novel, The Kite Runner, Hosseini begins to dive into the distinction by beginning the novel with introducing the main character, Amir, and his friend Hassan. Hosseini makes sure to note that the two boys are fromRead MoreKhaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner1679 Words   |  7 Pages Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan, on March 4th 1965. Hosseini s homeland was the inspiration for his novel, The Kite Runner, which gave his readers a taste of what Afghanistan was before the brutal invasions of the Taliban. He spent his early childhood living in Tehran, Iran, where he befriended his family s cook. The unexpected friendship between a young Afghan and a member of the H azara ethnic group exposed Hosseini to the acts of injustice against minority groups in AfghanistanRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2522 Words   |  11 PagesIn The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini creates an awareness and humanization of Afghanistan as a nation and as a culture. Through a postcolonial perspective, the main character, Amir resembles the internal conflicts and external tribulations that a country and its citizens’ face when living in a war-torn region. Postcolonial criticism offers a unique perspective by highlighting the destructive events that lead to death and misery, rather than glorifying the exploratory nature of colonists as theyRead MoreTheme Of Racism In The Kite Runner788 Words   |  4 Pagesbubbling inside of them without ever having the proper knowledge to know why. Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner documents the life of a racist. He is able to convey the message that when racists are able to prosper throughout their whole life without any consequences, their actions are can be devastating to others. This can be seen in the creation of thehis character, Assef. Throughout Assef’s life, readers are able to see him transition from a young bully to a grown man that uses racist thoughts to fuelRead More The Power of Words Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesfire† was the boys main concern and those words meant a world of difference (McCarthy np). It gave the man and his son the strength and encouragement to just k eep going. Khaled Hossieni’s novel The Kite Runner used the repetition of the saying â€Å"for you a thousand times over† to induce an overwhelming response in the reader’s emotions through the use of irony (Hosseini np). The huge power of words in literature, speeches, songs, and sermons are seen over and over again. The use of such powerful wordsRead More1000 Splendid suns1913 Words   |  8 PagesMedical Degree in 1993. Hosseini completed his residency at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles. Hosseini was a practicing internist between 1996 and 2004. While in medical school, Hosseini began writing his first novel, The Kite Runner, in March of 2001. In 2003, The Kite Runner, was published and has since become an international bestseller, published in 70 countries. In 2006 he was named a goodwill envoy to UNHCR, the United Nations Refugee Agency. His second novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns was publishedRead MoreThe, The Road, And The Original Trilogy Of Star Wars1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthose who can act in the highest moral standards regardless of what is instinctual as well as forced by the environment are the â€Å"heroes,† or people embodying the purest virtues of humanity. Throughout some works of literature such as The Road, The Kite Runner, and the original trilogy of Star Wars, authors not only display humanity’s struggle between the noblest of ideals and the basest of emotions, but also depict the eventual triumph of humanity over the basest of emotions. The Road is a novel by

Public Health Policy on Childhood Obesity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Health Policy on Childhood Obesity. Answer: Public Health Policy on Childhood Obesity Obesity is a condition where fat has accumulated in excess in the body to the extent where it may have adverse effects on health. The National Institute of Health defines obesity more precisely as a Body Mass Index of 30 and above. Childhood obesity is accumulation of excess fat primarily in children. In the contemporary society, the number of cases of childhood obesity have risen to epidemic levees both in developed and developing countries (Abel, 2016). This is a matter of key concern since in childhood is known to have impact both psychological and physical wellbeing. According to Sun, Mensah, Azzopardi, Patton and Wake (2017), obesity in childhood is likely to persist in to adulthood and is known to increase the risk for non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. There are several factors that contribute to obesity. These include the environment one lives in, lifestyle preferences and even culture. Generally, excess intake of fat and/ or sugar is implicated in development of obesity. Extensive research suggests that a combination of the mentioned factors (excess caloric and fat intake) combined with decreased physical activity are the major contributors to obesity (Baum, 2016). In addition to affecting the physical and psychological wellbeing, childhood obesity could have profound effects on a childs social life, self-esteem and poor academic performance. This essay is going to discuss a health policy on childhood obesity, provide a brief description of the same, explain why the policy is important in health and outline the measures to be taken to enforce it. Description of the Policy The aim of the policy of the policy will be to reduce the number of childhood obesity cases given their potential detrimental effects to health. The policy contains three distinct measures whose implementation would see a decline in the cases of obesity in childhood. The three are explained next. First, is imposing an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. The nutrient composition of sugar is almost 100% simple carbohydrates. Nutrition experts refer to such a food as containing empty calories, that is, their major contribution in the body is calories. Research has demonstrated that nutrient dense rather than energy dense foods contribute to healthier individuals. On the contrary, energy dense foods such as sugar sweetened beverages are known to be risk factors for obesity. Imposing an excise duty on these beverages would mean that their price will rise. Consequently, the purchasing power of consumers will be lower. The result is fewer purchases. Lower consumption would lead to reduced risk for developing obesity. There would also be a higher likelihood of consuming zero-calorie beverages which do not have significant caloric content as pose health risk. The second component of the policy is a ban on fast food television advertising targeting children. Most fast foods are energy dense. They contribute high caloric intake. The knowledge a person has about a certain product influences their attitude about it. Attitudes on the other hand influences practice. Advertisement on fast food is usually presented as attractive enticing to attract attention. Most children fall prey of the adverts contributing to purchase (Laws et al, 2015). When a ban is imposed on such adverts, children will no longer be exposed to them and potentially reduces purchase and consumption of fast foods. This is because, they will have little knowledge of such foods. Thirdly, the policy should require settings where children are mostly found to provide healthy foods and have an environment that promotes physical activity. These settings include schools, childrens sport facilities and child-care settings. A standard could be set for such settings to ensure that this is maintained. When the environment promotes a healthy diet and physical activity, the incidence of obesity lowers. Importance of the Policy to Health Obesity in childhood is one of the greatest t public health challenges faced in the 21st century. It is a global concern affecting children in all regions of the world especially the low and middle-income countries. The most affected areas are the urban settings. The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen at an alarming rate over the years. According to Ludwig (2018), over 41 million children below the age of five were obese in the year 2016. About half of these lived in Asia while one quarter lived in Africa. There are several factors that contribute to obesity and are generally categorized in to three. These are genetic factors, lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating patterns. This policy comes in handy to reduce the incidence of childhood obesity. This move can impact the health children positively in several ways. Several of these benefits are going be discussed next. First, is reduction in the number of childhood onset non-communicable diseases. Childhood obesity has been implicated in development of chronic illnesses among children (Shanahan et al, 2015). These diseases include type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancers. These diseases were traditionally known to affect adults but conditions such as obesity make them prevalent among children. When a child develops a chronic disease, chances are that the disease will persist to adulthood. The cost of managing the conditions can be high and most of a households oncome could be channelled to medical bills. To make the matters worse, this will happen for a lifetime. This policy potentially prevents such cases. It contributes to ensuring a healthy child and consequently a healthy adult via prevention of the non-communicable diseases. Secondly, is improved self-image and quality of life. Children with obesity usually have a low self-esteem and do not like how they look. An impaired self esteem significantly affects the quality of life. The child is likely to feel inferior to others and of little worth. This may result in isolation, and in some cases depression. This is double tragedy since in addition to having the obesity, the child has another psychological problem. According to Duckett and Willcox (2015), the society also tends to criticize obese people and treat obesity as personal choice. The general population assumes that obesity is a result of negligence or failure to eat healthy foods and physical exercise. The environment is full of criticism which may make a child feel like they dont belong to it. This further aggravates the psychological problem the child is undergoing. In some cases, especially near adolescent, the child may suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa (Cyr il, Polonsky, Green, Agho, and Renzaho, 2017). This further pose health problems. The policy again comes I handy to prevent obesity and in extension reducing the cases of the above mentioned psychological problems. The third potential health benefit is achievement of an increase in healthy eating patterns and improved physical activity. The body utilizes the nutrients from the food we eat for provision of energy, growth and repair and other important bodily functions. When the diet is healthy and contributes all the necessary nutrients, the body maintains optimum functioning (Huang et al, 2015). The policy further ensures that a standard will be set to ensure that the dietary needs of the children are put in to consideration. Children have their own unique needs. In addition to promoting intake of healthy foods, the policy also ensures physical activity. Physical activity and fitness has numerous health advantages to a child. For instance, it is associated with a lower risk to non-communicable disease, improved immunity and improved performance in class. The fourth way in which the policy is important to health is through protecting the child from manipulation by food processing companies whose main motive is profit with little interest in health implications. Most food industries make foods that will be appealing to the customers to make more sales (Jenson and Fraser, 2015). For a food to be appealing it should stimulate the appetite of the consumer. Sugar and fat are some of the most ingredients that improve the palatability of a food leading to stimulation of appetite. These foods (mostly fast food) are also ready to eat and therefore the easier alternative when hungry. The manufacturers have also mastered the art of how to entice children to take these foods via massive investment in advertising. The advertisement usually represents the food as very appealing and attractive capturing childrens attention. The result is that children will demand the food. Unknowing parents may buy their children these foods out of love and care. Li ttle do they know that continued consumption has negative health consequences in the long run. To prevent deterioration of health via consumption of fast foods (are not nutrient dense), the policy seeks to ban advertisement of such food particularly those that target children. The fifth and final way through which the policy contributes to healthier individuals is via reduced intake of sugar sweetened beverages. Such beverages have very high caloric content. Since they are sweet, a child will be tempted to drink more. Most manufacturers also contribute to excessive consumption by making larger quantities of the drink cheaper. As Sabin and Kiess (2015) observes, consumption of high number of calories lead to accumulation of fat in the childs body which eventually may cause obesity. The policy comes in handy to prevent such cases. Imposing an excise tax on these beverages will reduce the purchasing power of consumers and potentially lead to lower consumption. There is also a likelihood to turn to zero calorie drinks which also sweet but do not significantly contribute to calories. In the long run, this move will see healthy children who will develop to healthy adults. Implementation of the Policy The main aim of the policy is to achieve reduction in the incidence of childhood obesity. Consequently, children become healthier. It is said that if a policy or law remains written on paper and nothing is done to enforce it, then the law is useless. It is analogous to using a toothless dog for security and expecting maximum protection. It is paradoxical. Therefore, for the aim of the policy to be achieved, it must be enforced. The next few paragraphs discuss some of the ways through which this policy can be enforced. One is making legislation requiring taxation of sugar sweetened beverages. The principal target of such legislation should be discouraging the use of sugar. Health impacts of excessive sugar consumption have been explained above hence the need for such a law. The legislation could further make things better by also imposing tax on any amount of added sugar in food. For instance, a tax of 25% of the price could be imposed on the total amount of sugar added to the beverage or any food. The goal would be to discourage use of excess sugar in food products. Such a move would leave the manufactures with no choice but either increase the prices or reduce the amount of sugar used in the products. Either of these would lead to decreased consumption of sugar, which is an advantage when it comes to health. The legislation can also include taxation on food ingredients that contribute to obesity such as saturated fat. To promote consumption of healthy foods, the legislation can offer incentives o n healthy foods. This way, obesity could be potentially eradicated in the long run. The second method educating both children and their care givers on the importance of healthy lifestyles and the implications of childhood obesity. Most children and parents/caregivers are unaware of the implications that the lifestyle they lead have on their health (Brownell and Walsh, 2017). When information is provided to them via education, they become empowered and could adopt healthier lifestyles. Offering such education could be done through various means. Some of these means are going to be discussed next. One is through the television. This is a great avenue to reach children and their caregivers since it has a wide coverage. Measures should be put in place to ensure that only information that is factual is provided via such media. The tragedy is that most of such media propagate nutrition information as a mixture of truths, half truths and gossip. When measures are put in place to ensure that only scientifically sound information is provided, a paradigm shift could be attain ed in terms of improved dietary and health behaviour. The result is healthie children and reduced cases of childhood obesity. The other media platforms that such information can be provided is the print and electronic media. Using a variety of media ensures wide coverage. Another way to ensure this policy is making it mandatory that children be taught about the causes, consequences and strategies to prevent childhood obesity in schools. When a child is taught about the negative health consequences, they are likely to make better food and lifestyle choices from childhood and all the way into their adulthood (Hayes, Chevalier, D'Souza, Baur, Wen and Simpson, 2016). The teaching should ensure that children understand that obesity in childhood could persist to adulthood and provide prevention strategies. Including these studies in their curriculum would make them equipped to make better and healthier lifestyle choices. Consequently, the cases of childhood obesity decline. The last measure to be discussed will be making legislation requiring that systems where children are mostly found provide healthy foods. These systems include schools and childrens sports facilities. In addition to ensuring that healthy foods are offered, the legislation should require that such environments favour physical activity. Such legislation could set a standard indicating the class of nutrients that foods offered must provide. The legislation could also set the minimum sporting and gaming activities a school should support for it to be licenced. For instance, it could be required that each school possess a playground to ensure physical fitness of students. When the measures mentioned above are put in to place, the affected parties have no choice but to comply with the legislation. The result is healthier eating habits, increased levels of physical activity and reduced incidence of childhood obesity. Conclusion In conclusion, there has been a great rise in the cases of childhood obesity in the last few years. Obesity is accumulation of excess fat in the body and has been implicated in several health problems. Childhood obesity increases the risk for developing non-communicable diseases such as diabetes type 2. In addition, it could deteriorate the psychological and social wellbeing of a child. The main causative factors of obesity are divided into 3. These are genetic, environmental and food related factors. The cases of childhood of obesity reached over 41 million in the year 2016 and the number is projected to increase. For this reason, it is an issue of great public health concern. A policy could be put in to place to ensure that the cases decline and achieve healthier children. This policy should require a tax be imposed on sugar added beverages to discourage their consumption; impose a ban on all television advertisement relating to fast foods and targeting children and require that he althy foods be provided in systems where children are mostly found. In addition, such systems which include schools should have environments that encourage physical activity. To implement this policy, a few measures could be put in place. These include: making legislation requiring taxation on sugar added to beverages or even other foods; carrying out education campaigns via the various media platforms such as electronic and print media; introducing teaching of causes, consequences and prevention of obesity to children in schools and making legislation requiring institutions where children are found to provide healthy foods. References Abel-Smith, B. (2016).An introduction to health: policy, planning and financing. Routledge. GThe new public health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press. Brownell, K. D., Walsh, B. T. (Eds.). (2017).Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook. Guilford Publications. Cyril, S., Polonsky, M., Green, J., Agho, K., Renzaho, A. (2017). Readiness of communities to engage with childhood obesity prevention initiatives in disadvantaged areas of Victoria, Australia.Australian Health Review,41(3), 297-307. Duckett, S., Willcox, S. (2015).The Australian health care system(No. Ed. 5). Oxford University Press. Hayes, A., Chevalier, A., D'Souza, M., Baur, L., Wen, L. M., Simpson, J. (2016). Early childhood obesity: Association with healthcare expenditure in Australia.Obesity,24(8), 1752-1758. Huang, T. T., Cawley, J. H., Ashe, M., Costa, S. A., Frerichs, L. M., Zwicker, L., ... Kumanyika, S. K. (2015). Mobilisation of public support for policy actions to prevent obesity.The Lancet,385(9985), 2422-2431. Jenson, J. M., Fraser, M. W. (Eds.). (2015).Social policy for children and families: A risk and resilience perspective. Sage Publications. Laws, R., Campbell, K. J., Pligt, P., Ball, K., Lynch, J., Russell, G., ... Denney-Wilson, E. (2015). Obesity prevention in early life: an opportunity to better support the role of Maternal and Child Health Nurses in Australia.BMC nursing,14(1), 26. Ludwig, D. S. (2018). Epidemic childhood obesity: Not yet the end of the beginning.Pediatrics, e20174078. Sabin, M. A., Kiess, W. (2015). Childhood obesity: current and novel approaches.Best practice research Clinical endocrinology metabolism,29(3), 327-338. Shanahan, D. F., Lin, B. B., Bush, R., Gaston, K. J., Dean, J. H., Barber, E., Fuller, R. A. (2015). Toward improved public health outcomes from urban nature.American Journal of Public Health,105(3), 470-477. Sun, Y., Mensah, F. K., Azzopardi, P., Patton, G. C., Wake, M. (2017). Childhood social disadvantage and pubertal timing: a national birth cohort from Australia.Pediatrics, e20164099.

Ipl Strenght and Weakness Essay Example

Ipl Strenght and Weakness Essay The bidding process for the eight franchises that will compete in the Indian Premier League has officially begun with the release of the prospectus for the inaugural Twenty20 competition beginning in April 2008. The tender inviting bids for the franchises will be announced sometime in December. Potential franchisees can submit bids for more than one city-team and must state the total fee they are offering for a franchise for the first ten-year term. The auction of players will immediately follow the awarding of the franchises. The prospectus also laid out the manner in which the IPLs revenue would be shared with the franchises. The franchises will receive 80% of the television revenue over the first two years, 70% in the third and fourth years, 60% between years five and ten, and 50% from the 11th year onwards. In addition, they will also receive 60% of the sponsorship revenue during the first ten years, after which they will receive 50%. Of the total amount to be distributed, 20% will be divided based on the final league positions of the franchises while the other 80% will be shared squally. The IPLs distribution model, which is based on their current forecasts for the first contracts for centralized television and sponsorship agreements, should be adjusted should the forecasts change. The competition comprises 59 matches and spans 44 days with each franchise playing the other on a home and away basis. The top four teams qualify for the semi-finals, the winners of which will contest the final. The two finalists will in turn qualify for the Champions Twenty20 tournament, which has been provisionally scheduled for October 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Ipl Strenght and Weakness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ipl Strenght and Weakness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ipl Strenght and Weakness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Each franchises squad will have a minimum of 16 players and no more than four international players, drawn from the pool of contracted players, may play in a particular match. Four Under-21 players and four players from the franchises catchment area must also be part of the squad, though these can be the same players. Our first round-up of the IPLs finances shows the league generated $209 million in revenue in its second season, for an aggregate operating profit (earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation) of $89 million. The average franchise is worth $67 million, a 31% increase in just one year. The Rajasthan Royals, winners of the leagues first championship, has risen in value by 71%. This despite the uncertainty and logistical headaches caused by moving this years entire 59-game slate, including the final, to South Africa with only three weeks notice. (After terror incidents, the Indian government was anxious about providing security as parliamentary elections coincided with the month-long season. The IPL was conceived in 2007 near some hallowed ground for sports: in Londons Wimbledon suburb. There, Lalit Modi, representing the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), the governing body of Indian cricket, and Andrew Wildblood, an executive at sports management powerhouse IMG, discussed the disconnect between crickets worldwide popularity and the lack of commercial success of any domestic league. Their solution: a franchise ownership structure modeled after top U. S. sports leagues. Since then , the league has grown at breakneck speed. In January 2008, eight IPL teams were auctioned for a combined $724 million (to be paid in 10 annual installments to the nonprofit BCCI, an umbrella for the IPL). Just three months later, the Redskins First Ladies of Football were flown in to shake their pom-poms at the sold-out opener. Proceeds from the auction, as well as portions of national media and sponsorship deals, are reinvested, mostly in Indias aging (as far back as the 19th century) cricket stadiums, including some of the 10 rented by IPL teams for $100,000 per match. How successful was that first season? The 2008 semifinals and final drew 62 million viewers in India, with a per-match average of 11% of the nations total cable audience. In the months that followed, Modi, now IPL commissioner, opted out of TV deals with Sony and World Sports Group, risking nearly $1 billion of guaranteed payments over the next nine years. The gamble paid off, to the tune of a 98% annual increase from those broadcast partners, both of which deemed the IPL too valuable a property to lose. One reason the league is so TV-friendly is its format: Matches are held under Twenty20 rules that speed up each contest to about three hours (a traditional cricket match can last days, with tea breaks). The format is sweeping cricket worldwide. Revenue from TV, mobile and digital rights deals totaled $100 million for the latest season, of which teams split an 80% share equally. They also divvied up 60% of the $40 million in league sponsorships, including a cool $10 million from the leagues title sponsor, DLF, Indias largest real estate firm, and $5. million from motorbike maker Hero Honda. Despite playing 5,000 miles away, Indian companies actually increased spending on team sponsorships, which grew by 60% to a collective $60 million. Ground staff scurried to change signage before every match so that none of the floating teams advertisers were underrepresented. Ticket sales did not go as smoothly. The move led to a 75% drop in gate receipts, as prices were slashed to fill up stadiums to make the product more appealing on TV. That must have worked: This year, the finals telecast reached 24% more viewers in India than in 2008. Even Modi is surprised by how quickly the league has grown. At the beginning there were not many bidders who were conscious of the fact that the league would succeed, and they had to bid on total blind faith. There was no history, everybody was writing against it, there was no support for it, he says. Then the first season averaged 58,000 fans per match (80% more than a typical Major League Baseball game), and new investors clamored to climb aboard. In February, an ownership group that includes Lachlan Murdoch, the son of media baron Rupert Murdoch, sold a minority stake in the Rajasthan Royals to investors fronted by actress Shilpa Shetty in a deal that reflected the rapid value appreciation. Just last year, the Royals were auctioned for a league-low $67 million over 10 years. While speculation about the IPLs long-term viability drove prices down at the franchise auction, the leagues early success has now translated to unrealistic valuations in the other direction. Not helping is a misguided study frequently cited by cricket officials that calls the IPL a $2 billion business. Perhaps one day, but certainly not yetour cumulative valuation amounts to barely one-fourth of that. Our survey of franchise values is determined by multiples of revenue from continuing operations, except in cases where teams are on the verge of gaining additional money and exposure. Example: The Delhi Daredevils will play for a share of a $6 million purse in the inaugural Twenty20 Champions League this fall, on top of receiving $500,000 just for participating in the tournament. Since up to half of team revenue is accrued by dint of gate receipts, local sponsorships and merchandisingrevenue streams of which teams share little with the leaguemarket size plays a major role in making some franchises more valuable than others. Take the Mumbai Indians, who play before a robust corporate base in Indias largest city. The Indians are the IPLs most valuable team, worth $80 million for the owner, oil and gas giant Reliance Industries and company chairman and largest shareholder Mukesh Ambani, Indias wealthiest man. Sensing Mumbai as the IPLs signature brand, akin to the English footballs Manchester United or baseballs New York Yankees, companies from outside of India, like Adidas ( ADDDY. PK news people ) and MasterCard ( MA news people ), have been quick to sponsor the team. Over two seasons, Mumbais $43 million in revenue tops the IPL. Some of the IPLs cachet comes from its owners: Khan uses the resources of his film company, Red Chillies Entertainment, to promote Kolkata and expand the teams reach into new markets. His strategy is paying off. Polls consistently rank the Knight Riders as Indias most popular team, and theyre already more valuable than two teams that were sold at higher auction prices only a year and a half ago. Such hands-on management is a far cry from the Stanford Super Series, the defunct Twenty20 competition between the English national team and all-stars from around the West Indies that was bankrolled by alleged Ponzi schemer R. Allen Stanford and thought to be competition for the IPL. Instead, after only one year, the SSS joined an alphabet soup of failed cricket ventures, including the IISC, WSC and APC. Cricket has been played internationally for 165 years and was once a contest at the Olympics. With 104 nations as members of crickets governing body, its one of the most popular sports in the world. But before the IPL, professional leagues had never truly been run as a business. Most leagues around the world are operated by nonprofit entities and teams owned by athletic clubs with thousands of members; often, making money is a low priority. Says Donald Lockerbie, chief executive of the USA Cricket Association, [English cricket] is as traditional a sport as there is. Its essentially a club membership drive. National teams have always been crickets top draw. But private franchise ownership coupled with the commercial possibilities of the new, abbreviated version of the game in Indias cricket crazed marketplace has upended the sports established order. Its also made Modi into crickets most influential (if polarizing) figure, for whom profit always trumps tradition. A brash and charismat ic promoter, hes the subcontinents answer to Don King. In April he hired around-the-clock security after reportedly receiving death threats from the mob, the gambling operations of which stood to take a hit from the season moving to South Africa. Unfazed, Modi is already laying the groundwork for the IPLs next chapter. We plan to have another shorter [season] that will move around the world, with a main league that will stay in India, he says. Another plan to boost league coffers is to add more teams. IMGs Wildblood projects expansion as early as 2011 with the IPL adding one or two more squads. Unlike in the early days, bidders will have a sense of the leagues long-term prospects. I think a lot of people discounted the fact that there was any value, Modi says. Not anymore.